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A Honeycomb Mesh-Type Reflectarray with High Optical Transparency for Millimeter-Wave Applications

2025· article· W4417131930 on OpenAlexaff
David F. Hardy, Keigan MacDonell, Navjot K. Khaira, R. Niall Tait, Morris Repeta, Tejinder Singh, Shulabh Gupta

Bibliographic record

Venuenot available
Typearticle
Language
FieldEngineering
TopicAdvanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies
Canadian institutionsCarleton University
Fundersnot available
KeywordsHoneycombHoneycomb structureHexagonal crystal systemSubstrate (aquarium)Phase (matter)Transparency (behavior)PerforationFabrication

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

An optically-transparent reflectarray (RA) operating at 28 GHz, based on a honeycomb metal-meshing scheme and fine metal line (FML) structures, is proposed. The RA unit cells consist of hexagonal rings with linewidths of$50 \mu \mathrm{m}$and a 1 mm -thick fused silica$\left(\varepsilon_{\mathrm{r}}=4.0\right)$substrate backed by a metal ground plane with perforations in a honeycomb pattern. Additional punctures in the mesh are created in between each honeycomb perforation to further enhance the transparency. The unit cell uses two different hexagonal ring elements to achieve a wide phase range of 298°. Across the various unit cell ring geometries, a peak return loss of 0.77 dB is realized. Simulations of 1D and 2D RA structures are demonstrated using Ansys HFSS. The 2D RA achieves a peak gain of 19.2 dB with a sidelobe level (SLL) of -19 dB. The overall RA structure achieves a transparency of 85.1% and may be integrated with infrastructure such as glass panels to improve signal coverage.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Bench or experimental · Consensus signal: Bench or experimental
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.001
Threshold uncertainty score0.003

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0010.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0010.001

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.024
GPT teacher head0.269
Teacher spread0.244 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designBench or experimental
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations0
Published2025
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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