Integrated Microwave and Mechanical Energy Harvesting Based on a Metasurface Perfect Absorber Incorporating Piezoelectric Material
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study introduces a novel metasurface perfect absorber (MPA) designed for simultaneous RF and vibration energy harvesting, representing a significant advancement in the development of sustainable power sources. The proposed structure combines two energy harvesting methods—radiofrequency (RF) and vibration—by utilizing a piezoelectric substrate within the metasurface design. The metasurface elements act as electrodes for the piezoelectric harvester, collecting the voltage generated by vibrations, while the entire structure operates as a cantilever, a well-known mechanical resonator for vibration energy harvesting. The interdigitated shape of the metasurface elements increases the total capacitance, while the high-dielectric-constant piezoelectric material enables miniaturization of the metasurface elements, lowering the absorption frequency and achieving an absorption efficiency of over 96%. The design not only presents polarization-insensitive RF energy harvesting across various incident angles, but also enhances the efficiency through hybridization of two ambient sources. This innovative approach positions the proposed metasurface as a sustainable and versatile hybrid energy harvester with considerable potential for real-world impact.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".