3D Quantitative Microwave Breast Imaging: Insights from Scans of Patients Undergoing Treatment
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Microwave imaging has recently attracted interest as a safe and comfortable method for breast imaging. Most previous experimental studies on breast imaging with microwave technology have used radar based approaches to produce qualitative images or two dimensional quantitative reconstructions. This paper presents a fast method for three-dimensional quantitative reconstruction of the breast using a planar high resolution transmission microwave system. In the previous work, we demonstrated the effectiveness of this approach using graphite phantoms and scans of healthy volunteers. In this study, results are presented for two breast cancer patients with different breast density categories prior to the initiation of chemotherapy. The 3D permittivity of both the healthy and cancerous breasts of these patients was reconstructed and compared with their mammograms. For the patient with extremely dense breast tissue, a significant difference was observed between the healthy and cancerous breast based on the permittivity images. Additionally, for one of the patients, the 3D permittivity of the cancerous breast was reconstructed both before and after chemotherapy. The results demonstrate that microwave imaging has the potential to effectively monitor changes in breast tissue during treatment.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".