Scientific Evidence-based Effects of Abdominal Massage in People with Constipation: A Narrative Review
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Constipation is globally a predominant problem leading to physical, mental, and emotional disturbances. Recently, many non-pharmacological therapies have been reviewed for the management of constipation. In this review, we intended to understand the effect of abdominal massage in alleviating and improving various symptoms of constipation among different populations with regard to simplicity, efficacy, and cost-effectiveness. We performed a PubMed and PubMed Central search to review relevant articles; 246 were screened, and 33 potentially eligible articles were recognized and incorporated in this review. Available literature suggests that abdominal massage effectively reduces the severity of constipation in the adult and elderly population and disorders of the gastrointestinal system, musculoskeletal system, nervous system, and palliative care. Based on the available literature, this review suggests that the abdominal massage has a scientific evidence-based effect in reducing constipation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.015 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.006 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".