Ultrasound‐assisted extraction and purification of bromelain from pineapple ( <scp> <i>Ananas comosu</i> </scp> <i>s</i> ) stem waste using ethanol precipitation and resin adsorption
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Bromelain, a proteolytic enzyme from the Bromeliaceae family, is valued for its industrial applications and high demand, particularly in pharmaceuticals. This study evaluated ultrasound‐assisted extraction and purification of bromelain from pineapple ( Ananas comosus (L.) Merril) stem waste for industrial‐scale potential, involving raw material characterization, ultrasound extraction with water, ethanol precipitation, and resin adsorption. The stem showed the highest enzymatic activity (2.255 ± 0.089 U · mL −1 without ultrasound, up to 3.622 U · mL −1 with ultrasound at optimal conditions: 1:2 tissue‐to‐water ratio, 25°C, 22% power), making it the primary raw material. Ultrasound enhanced activity by ~60% and reduced processing time to 10 min compared to conventional methods. Two‐stage ethanol precipitation (30% and 70% v/v) achieved 82% recovery, increasing specific activity from 0.852 to 1.143 U · mg −1 . Batch adsorption with Amberlite IRA 410 resin yielded a purification factor of 10.73 and specific activity of 9.143 U · mg −1 by removing non‐target proteins, though it did not selectively bind bromelain. Overall, this process confirms viability for industrial implementation in valorizing pineapple waste.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it