Non-isomerizing switching strategy for azobenzene photoswitch
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Azobenzene photoswitches serve as key building blocks for smart materials due to the controllable isomerization and machinability. However, traditional cis-trans isomeric azobenzene photoswitches are hindered by the thermal instability of the cis structure. In this perspective, we break the limitation by introducing an effective trans-azobenzene photoswitch strategy enabled through excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) in coordination with anti-Kasha fluorescence emission. The photoswitch exhibits a prominent reduction in quantum yield from 0.37 to 0.07 upon switching from the on state to the off state. Femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy combined with quantitative computational methods elucidated ESIPT and anti-Kasha emission processes. The biological relevance of the design is demonstrated through in-cellular fluorescence modulation of 12 hours and 40 cycles in HeLa cells. By decoupling the photo function from structural rearrangement, we establish a design tactic for photoswitches.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".