A Qualitative Case Study of Experience of Xenophobia Among Francophone African Informal Immigrant Entrepreneurs in Pretoria
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Francophone African immigrants in South Africa find it difficult to find formal employment because of exclusive laws and the challenge of language barriers. Accordingly, they frequently resort to informal businesses which expose them to acts of xenophobia. Xenophobia and Francophone African informal immigrant entrepreneurs have negative and positive consequences in South Africa. This article presents a descriptive account of individual experiences of xenophobia among thirty (30) Francophone African informal immigrant entrepreneurs in Pretoria during the conduct of their business. It therefore, seek to answer the following questions; (a) How are Francophone African informal immigrant entrepreneurs discriminated against while conducting their business in Pretoria? (b) What type of harassment do they face while conducting their business in Pretoria? (c) Why are they attacked while conducting their business in Pretoria? This descriptive qualitative case study adopts content analysis to describe the experience of xenophobia among Francophone African informal immigrant entrepreneurs in Pretoria. The findings reveal “skipping” Francophone African informal immigrant entrepreneurs to buy from South African informal traders is an experience of discrimination. It establishes virtual, verbal, and physical harassments Francophone African informal immigrant entrepreneurs experience while conducting their business in Pretoria. It demonstrates that the failure to lend money to South Africans or calling police on locals attract violent attacks against Francophone African informal immigrant entrepreneurs while conducting their business in Pretoria.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".