Electrolytes and Mortality in Critically Ill Patients with Acute Kidney Injury: A Prospective Multi-Center Study from Sudan
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) carries a high mortality risk, especially in resource-limited settings. Electrolyte imbalances are common in AKI, but their prognostic value in sub-Saharan African populations is understudied. This study evaluated the prevalence of admission serum sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) abnormalities and their association with 30-day mortality in critically ill AKI patients in Sudan. A prospective, multi-center, cross-sectional study was conducted across four Sudanese hospitals from July to September 2022. Forty-two critically ill adult patients with AKI were enrolled. Demographic, clinical, and biochemical data were collected. The primary outcome was 30-day all-cause mortality. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25 with descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and mortality outcome assessments. The mean age of participants was relatively young, with 42.9% aged 18–39 years. Male gender predominated (61.9%). The most common comorbidities were hypertension (69.0%), diabetes mellitus (42.9%), and chronic liver disease (76.2%). Serum sodium levels ranged from 89 to 156 mmol/L, and potassium levels ranged from 2.3 to 11.0 mmol/L. The 30-day mortality rate was 57.1%. Patients with hyperkalemia (K+ ≥ 5.5 mmol/L) and dysnatremia (Na+ <130 or >145 mmol/L) had significantly higher mortality rates (p < 0.05). Admission serum sodium and potassium levels are prevalent, low-cost prognostic markers in critically ill AKI patients. Severe hyperkalemia and dysnatremia were strongly associated with increased 30-day mortality. Early identification and management of these imbalances could improve survival outcomes, particularly in ICU settings with limited resources.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it