Amerika yū māda yamatu nu yū: Legalizing Transpacific Dispossession in Postwar Okinawa
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper examines the legalization of dispossession in postwar Okinawa. Analysis focuses on Ordinance 109, an eminent domain law enacted by the United States Civil Administration of the Ryukyu Islands in 1953 to acquire the land needed for an expansive network of military bases much of which remains in place today. Archival research reveals Ordinance 109’s hybrid legal foundation, which drew from both the U.S. Federal Declaration of Taking Act and the Japanese Law of Superficies (chijōken) instituted in Okinawa by the Meiji Government upon the prefecture’s incorporation into Japan. Using Patrick Wolfe’s concept of “pre-accumulation” I demonstrate settler colonialism’s reliance on legal momentums accumulated across time and space.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".