Spin-orbit coupling controlled two-dimensional magnetism in chromium trihalides
Bibliographic record
Abstract
<a:math xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <a:mrow> <a:mi>Cr</a:mi> <a:msub> <a:mi>X</a:mi> <a:mn>3</a:mn> </a:msub> </a:mrow> </a:math> ( <b:math xmlns:b="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <b:mrow> <b:mi>X</b:mi> </b:mrow> </b:math> = Cl, Br, I) have the same crystal structure and Hamiltonian but different ligand spin-orbit coupling (SOC) constant <c:math xmlns:c="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <c:msub> <c:mi>λ</c:mi> <c:mi>X</c:mi> </c:msub> </c:math> , providing an excellent material platform exploring for exotic two-dimensional (2D) spin orders. Their microscopic mechanism underlying 2D spin physics remain unestablished, along with experimental corroboration of Kitaev exchange interaction, central to realizing topological quantum spin liquids. Finding direct evidence for Kitaev interaction and determining its value has been an essential but formidable challenge in Kitaev physics. Here we report the direct Kitaev interaction signature in magnetic anisotropy measured by ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) spectroscopy. We present measured values of Heisenberg <d:math xmlns:d="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <d:mi>J</d:mi> </d:math> , Kitaev <e:math xmlns:e="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <e:mi>K</e:mi> </e:math> , and off-diagonal symmetric <f:math xmlns:f="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <f:mi mathvariant="normal">Γ</f:mi> </f:math> exchange interactions in <h:math xmlns:h="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <h:mrow> <h:mi>Cr</h:mi> <h:msub> <h:mi>X</h:mi> <h:mn>3</h:mn> </h:msub> </h:mrow> </h:math> determined using FMR and exact diagonalization. <i:math xmlns:i="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <i:mi>K</i:mi> </i:math> and <j:math xmlns:j="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <j:mi mathvariant="normal">Γ</j:mi> </j:math> exhibit dominant dependencies on <l:math xmlns:l="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <l:msub> <l:mi>λ</l:mi> <l:mi>X</l:mi> </l:msub> </l:math> , indicating its central role in 2D magnetism. Our study provides a foundation for designing 2D magnetic materials exhibiting novel behaviors by tuning intrinsic material parameters such as SOC.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".