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Record W4417228362 · doi:10.1353/jowh.2025.a976859

Not an Accident: The Work of Thalidomide in Twentieth-Century Canadian Women's History

2025· article· en· W4417228362 on OpenAlex
Madeline Burghardt

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

aboutThe title or abstract carries a Canadian signal from the geographic lexicon.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueJournal of women's history · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldArts and Humanities
TopicHistorical Studies on Reproduction, Gender, Health, and Societal Changes
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsThalidomideTragedy (event)NarrativeWork (physics)Position (finance)Luck

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Abstract: In the late 1950s and early 1960s, thousands of women gave birth to children with impairments after consuming thalidomide during their pregnancies. The scandal has been discussed from legal, medical, and scientific perspectives, yet the position of women in the tragedy remains relatively underaddressed. The scandal is often described as a tragic accident that will not be repeated due to changes in pharmaceutical testing and regulation. I argue that the thalidomide tragedy was not an accident but was the result of competing social, economic, and cultural conditions and priorities within which mid-twentieth-century women were situated. I also consider the work that thalidomide accomplished in women's history by positing that the drug contributed to constructions of the unstable pregnant woman in need of expert medicalized intervention, in alignment with narratives that served contemporaneous public interests. I further consider how the effects of that work linger in social locations relevant to women.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.002
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesInsufficient payload (model declined to judge)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.762
Threshold uncertainty score0.999

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0020.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.001
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0020.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.040
GPT teacher head0.238
Teacher spread0.197 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it