Island hopping: dispersal of <i>Pitcairnia</i> L’Her. (Bromeliaceae) through the Caribbean islands
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Pitcairnia, a group of terrestrial and mesophytic plants, is the second largest genus in the Bromeliaceae family, with over 400 species distributed in the Neotropics. There are 13 species described for the Caribbean islands, all endemic to the region and mostly single-island endemics. We used Target Sequence Capture with the Bromeliad1776 baits kit to infer phylogenomic relationships between these species and estimated divergence times. We conducted broad sampling throughout the genus with emphasis in northern South America and Central America to determine the monophyly of the Caribbean species and their biogeographic history. Our analysis indicates that the Caribbean species form a clade with their closest relatives in Venezuela, suggesting a single dispersal event to the islands. Migration into the Caribbean likely occurred from northern South America through the Lesser Antilles Island Arc around 200 000 years ago, and dispersal into the rest of the islands following a unidirectional westwards trajectory.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".