Novel Phosphorus-Doped Magnetic and Deactivation-Resistant Solid Catalysts for Nonenzymatic Sugar Production from Biomass Hemicellulose
Bibliographic record
Abstract
High Resolution Image Download MS PowerPoint Slide The development of a cost-effective process for biomass conversion into sugar platforms is a cornerstone of sustainable biorefining. Here, we report a Lewis acid-controlled catalytic strategy for nonenzymatic sugar production from hemicellulose in biomass using a highly active, magnetically separable core–shell catalyst. The catalyst comprises a Fe 3 O 4 magnetic core, an acid-resistant silica interlayer, and a phosphorus (P)-doped porous carbon shell. Under mild hydrothermal conditions, the optimized catalyst (MC 600 P 1.2 ) achieved a xylose yield of 86.9% from xylan (100 °C for 2 h) and 60.3–91.0% from diverse biomass feedstocks (corncob, corn stover, poplar, and bamboo, 160 °C for 2 h), outperforming previously reported systems. Such remarkable catalytic activity is attributed to the unique structural design of the catalyst. The silica interlayer acts as a protective shield of Fe 3 O 4 core and bonds with the carbon layer to form a silica–carbon shell that provides an ideal scaffold. Meanwhile, P doping introduces defects and hydrogen bonds, enhancing the active site accessibility. The formation of thermally stable PO x species (C–P–O, C 3 –P═O, and C–O–P) on the carbon support acts as Lewis acid sites. C–P–O efficiently activates H 2 O to produce H + for glycosidic bond cleavage and suppresses xylose degradation, ensuring a high yield. These features result in high catalytic stability and reusability, maintaining high xylose yields after three consecutive cycles. This work provides new research avenues to produce nonenzymatic sugar based on active, deactivation-resistant, and easily recoverable heterogeneous catalysts.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".