MétaCan
Menu
Back to cohort
Record W4417265985 · doi:10.1016/j.ceja.2025.100993

Alkaline solvothermal debromination of commercial brominated acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS)

2025· article· en· W4417265985 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.
fundA Canadian funder is recorded on the work.

Bibliographic record

VenueChemical Engineering Journal Advances · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldMaterials Science
TopicFlame retardant materials and properties
Canadian institutionsPolytechnique Montréal
FundersNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of CanadaMitacs
KeywordsAcrylonitrileFourier transform infrared spectroscopyAcrylonitrile butadiene styrenePolymerSolventExtraction (chemistry)Hazardous waste

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) is one of the most common thermoplastics and for decades, brominated fire retardants (BFR) were the primary compounds added to comply with fire safety regulations in electronic and electrical polymeric components. BFRs are effective at low concentrations, are stable up to 250 °C (sufficient for thermoplastic processes such as injection moulding), and are compatible with polymers (easy addition). However, their hazardous nature and environmental persistence sparked concerns about their use, which limits the possibility of recycling them. Currently, most of them are banned or have limitations on their application and concentration. Here, we report an alkaline solvothermal treatment to debrominate commercial ABS from end-of-life products (up to 97 %). The process operates between 160 °C to 190 °C with ethylene-glycol as solvent and KOH as extraction agent (1 M ). It removes 95 % of the Br in 4 h above 160 °C and 97 % at T = 160 ∘ C and 24 h. FTIR spectroscopy confirms that 30 % of the acrylonitrile reacts to form acrylic acid in the most aggressive conditions. Curiously, the T g increases by up to 10 °C, which might improve the mechanical properties of the polymer.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Bench or experimental · Consensus signal: Bench or experimental
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.004
Threshold uncertainty score0.543

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.005
GPT teacher head0.219
Teacher spread0.215 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it