Real-time simulation of asymmetry generation in fermion-bubble collisions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Motivated by the out-of-equilibrium dynamics during an early-Universe first-order phase transition, we perform real-time simulations of fermion-bubble scattering in <a:math xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <a:mrow> <a:mn>1</a:mn> <a:mo>+</a:mo> <a:mn>1</a:mn> </a:mrow> </a:math> dimensions. This nonequilibrium process can generate a charge-conjugation <c:math xmlns:c="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <c:mi>C</c:mi> </c:math> asymmetry outside the bubble wall, induced by the complex fermion mass profile. The resulting <e:math xmlns:e="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <e:mi>C</e:mi> </e:math> asymmetry is the <g:math xmlns:g="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <g:mrow> <g:mn>1</g:mn> <g:mo>+</g:mo> <g:mn>1</g:mn> </g:mrow> </g:math> -dimensional analog of the <i:math xmlns:i="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <i:mi>C</i:mi> <i:mi>P</i:mi> </i:math> asymmetry in <k:math xmlns:k="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <k:mrow> <k:mn>3</k:mn> <k:mo>+</k:mo> <k:mn>1</k:mn> </k:mrow> </k:math> dimensions, a key ingredient in baryon asymmetry generation at the electroweak scale. Using tensor network methods, we track the real-time evolution of the <m:math xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <m:mi>C</m:mi> </m:math> asymmetry in the charge density as the fermion interacts with the bubble wall, a regime inaccessible to analytic calculations. We further introduce two observables to quantify the asymmetry in the asymptotic region where reflected particles are well separated from the scattering point: one based on the net charge outside the bubble wall, and the other on the spatial displacement between the reflected particle and antiparticle wave packets. Our study represents a first step toward nonperturbative, real-time computations of <o:math xmlns:o="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <o:mi>C</o:mi> <o:mi>P</o:mi> </o:math> asymmetry in <q:math xmlns:q="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <q:mrow> <q:mn>3</q:mn> <q:mo>+</q:mo> <q:mn>1</q:mn> </q:mrow> </q:math> dimensions for electroweak baryogenesis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".