Growth Restriction in Balb/c Mice Irradiated With X-Rays During Late Gestation: Role of Irradiation Timing, Dose Fractionation and Adaptive Response
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objectives: Exposure of the developing fetus to high doses of ionizing radiation during prenatal development can result in growth restriction of the fetus, or a reduction in offspring growth. The developmental stage of the offspring at the time of irradiation is of interest, in order to characterize any potential periods of sensitivity for radiation-induced growth restriction effects. The goal of the present study was the development of a mouse model of radiation-induced growth restriction, following X-ray irradiation during late gestation. Methods: Pregnant BALB/cAnNCrl mice were irradiated with different irradiation conditions from gestational day (GD) 14-17. Treatments included an acute dose of 1.82 Gy X-ray irradiation on GD 14, 15 or 16. The effects of dose fractionation were also studied with one group receiving 0.455 Gy x 4 daily fractions from GD 14-17 (cumulative dose of 1.82 Gy). Another group also received a pre-treatment with 61 mGy X-ray irradiation on GD 14, 24 h prior to the 1.82 Gy on GD 15, to test for the possibility of a radiation-induced adaptive response. Results: Evidence for growth restriction was observed in all irradiation groups, with the greatest degree of growth restriction observed in the 1.82 Gy on GD 14 group. Evidence for growth restriction was based on a reduced gestational weight gain by pregnant dams and significant decrease in fetal weight and length measurements. Evidence for an adaptive response was not observed in the present study, as the combination group had similar outcomes to the group that only received the 1.82 Gy challenge irradiation dose. Conclusion: The establishment of a mouse model of radiation-induced growth restriction during late gestation will facilitate the ability for future work into determining the precise cellular and physiological effects on offspring, and the development of future countermeasures to protect against such adverse effects.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it