Perioperative management of a miniature donkey undergoing surgical femoral head ostectomy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Despite global popularity of donkeys as pets and working animals, reports regarding effective surgical, anesthetic and analgesic treatments remain scarce. A 19-year-old castrated male miniature donkey (106 kg) presented for investigation of a chronic right coxofemoral luxation. The donkey had significant right pelvic limb lameness (4–5/5) and severe muscle atrophy. Physical examination was otherwise unremarkable. A surgical femoral head ostectomy was planned under general anesthesia with a combination of two regional local anesthetic blocks. These included a "GIN & TONIC" block; a greater ischiatic notch plane block, targeting the lumbosacral trunk, and a caudal quadratus lumborum block, targeting the lumbar plexus, using 0.25% bupivacaine at 0.2 mL kg –1 and 0.3 mL kg –1 , respectively. Anesthetic premedication consisted of intravenous romifidine and butorphanol, followed by induction of anesthesia with intravenous ketamine and midazolam and maintenance with isoflurane carried in oxygen. The donkey had low isoflurane requirements (end-expired fraction 0.81–0.96%) and an absence of autonomic responses to surgery intraoperatively. Surgery proceeded uneventfully. At four hours after the block was performed, 80 minutes after recovery from anesthesia, the Donkey Pain Scale score was elevated (6/11), and the donkey was treated with intravenous morphine (0.4 mg kg –1 ). On the second postoperative day, Donkey Pain Scale scores were consistently low (0–1/11) and morphine treatment was discontinued. At 12 weeks after surgery, the owner reported good comfort and mobility while walking, with ambulation facilitated with a wooden shoe to compensate for limb length difference. The report describes use of the GIN & TONIC block to provide effective perioperative analgesia for a successful femoral head ostectomy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".