Hollow locations within impact craters of different degradation stages on Mercury
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Hollows are shallow, irregular-shaped depressions on the surface of Mercury, often surrounded by bright halos, frequently associated with impact craters, that form via the loss of crustal volatiles. Here, we use and supplement existing data sets of hollows to investigate the type locations (wall, floor, intersection, central structure, superposed craters, proximal ejecta) at which hollows occur within impact craters with a degradation class. We find that hollows within fresh host craters are distributed among all type locations, whereas hollows within degraded host craters occur primarily within superposed craters. However, most superposed craters within degraded hosts do not have hollows. Our results suggest that the cratering process, that forms either host or superposed craters, drives hollow formation, and successively depletes hollow-forming material reservoirs as the host crater degrades. Additionally, hollows occur within superposed craters of all diameters, suggesting that hollow-forming material is an inherent component of Mercury’s upper crust.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".