Experimental Studies of Near-Field Beamfocusing with Extra-Large Antenna Array Prototype
Bibliographic record
Abstract
An extra-large antenna array prototype operating between 3.35 GHz and 3.6 GHz was developed to experimentally study near-field beamfocusing and its distance-dependent radiation patterns. Using a 1×24 uniform linear sub-array, a 3 dB beam depth of 0.6 m was achieved at a beamfocusing distance of 0.8 m from the array. When transmitting a 64QAM 20 MHz modulated signal, the near-field beamfocusing approach yielded 9.6 dB higher received in-band power and improved error vector magnitude by 6.4 dB compared to the conventional far-field beamforming vector, resulting in high-quality constellation diagrams. Extensive measurements were conducted in the anechoic chamber to evaluate the distance-dependent radiation patterns and beam depth of uniform linear arrays with varying aperture sizes. Simulation results incorporating spherical wavefront characteristics demonstrated good agreement with the experimental observations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".