Prevalence, clinical associations and outcomes of pericarditis in systemic lupus erythematosus: insights from the University of Toronto Lupus Clinic
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Pericarditis is an important clinical feature in the classification criteria and disease activity indices in SLE. We aimed to study the prevalence, associations and outcomes of pericarditis in SLE. METHODS: This was an observational cohort study conducted at the University of Toronto Lupus Clinic (July 1970-March 2024). The prevalence of pericarditis was determined in both inception (enrolled within 1 year of diagnosis) and prevalent cohorts. The outcomes of pericarditis were defined as acute (resolution <3 months), chronic (lasting ≥3 months) and relapsing (recurrence after complete resolution). Associations with pericarditis and its outcomes were studied. RESULTS: Pericarditis was identified in 428 of 2122 patients (20.16%), 205 of 900 (22.8%) in inception and 223 of 1222 (18.2%) in the prevalent cohort. It developed early in the disease course (median 0.51 years). Among 170 patients, the median chest pain severity was 6 of 10. Associated myocarditis was observed in 5.3%, endocarditis in 1.9% and cardiac tamponade in 1.4%. Pericarditis was associated with higher SLEDAI-2000 [1.06 (1.001, 1.13)], anti-La antibodies [1.52 (1.01, 2.31)], constitutional features [1.98 (1.39, 2.81)] and less skin involvement [0.34 (0.21, 0.55)] in multivariable analysis. Most patients (79.5%) had resolution within 3 months. Chronic pericarditis occurred in 15.6% (median 4.6 months) and relapses in 22.9%. No significant associations were found for chronicity or relapse. CONCLUSION: Pericarditis affects one in five SLE patients, usually early in the disease. Most cases resolve in 3 months, but a subset experiences chronic or relapsing disease.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".