Two new <i>Amphora</i> species from European rivers compared to morphologically similar species of the <i>Amphora copulata</i> complex (Catenulaceae, Bacillariophyceae)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Amphora copulata is a widely reported diatom name in water quality surveys throughout Europe. Following a survey of 1 000 floristic lists from the French part of the Rhine-Meuse basin (2000–2021), seven samples with the highest abundance of this species were selected for detailed examination-based on light (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations. In addition, samples from the Netherlands and Germany with a high abundance of the Amphora copulata species complex were also studied. The specimens previously identified as A. copulata sensu lato could not be assigned to an existing species based on the currently available literature, and proved to belong to two taxa described here as new: Amphora vanderwerffiana sp. nov. and Amphora lucectoreana sp. nov. The two new species are illustrated using both light and electron microscopy and compared to morphologically similar species. As such, type materials of A. eileencoxiae and A. neglectiformis, and recent material from the type locality of A. macedoniensis are also illustrated and discussed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".