Two new <i>Amphora</i> species from European rivers compared to morphologically similar species of the <i>Amphora copulata</i> complex (Catenulaceae, Bacillariophyceae)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Amphora copulata is a widely reported diatom name in water quality surveys throughout Europe. Following a survey of 1 000 floristic lists from the French part of the Rhine-Meuse basin (2000–2021), seven samples with the highest abundance of this species were selected for detailed examination-based on light (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations. In addition, samples from the Netherlands and Germany with a high abundance of the Amphora copulata species complex were also studied. The specimens previously identified as A. copulata sensu lato could not be assigned to an existing species based on the currently available literature, and proved to belong to two taxa described here as new: Amphora vanderwerffiana sp. nov. and Amphora lucectoreana sp. nov. The two new species are illustrated using both light and electron microscopy and compared to morphologically similar species. As such, type materials of A. eileencoxiae and A. neglectiformis, and recent material from the type locality of A. macedoniensis are also illustrated and discussed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".