Diasporic entanglements: Philippine-Toronto entrepreneurs reinventing food, business and belonging pre- and post-COVID-19
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Studies of Philippine migration to Canada primarily chart migrants’ work in health services and caregiving, focusing on the deprofessoinalisation of migrants’ skills and justifiably emphasising issues of precarious citizenship and family separation. This article instead analyses Philippine migrants’ small-scale food businesses in Toronto to demonstrate the mainstream and ‘informal’ strategies entrepreneurs have pursed to establish viable enterprises before and following the COVID-19 pandemic. Drawing on theories of transnational migrant entrepreneurship and people as infrastructure, I demonstrate how entrepreneurs forge socio-economic connections locally and with food businesses in the Philippines to connect society sectors not previously linked or connect them in different ways while flexing to emerging competition from supermarkets offering similar Asian products. By adeptly navigating local-to-international networks and calculative risk taking, I suggest that Philippine-Toronto migrant entrepreneurs fashion an alternative economy in which established business structures can be contested and reconstructed while including relationships rooted in altruism and collective benefit.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it