A new inoculation method for spores of <i>Plasmodiophora brassicae</i> in roots of <i>Brassica napus</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Clubroot disease, caused by the biotrophic protist Plasmodiophora brassicae Woronin, is a significant disease affecting Brassicaceous crops worldwide, including canola (Brassica napus). Genetic resistance is the most effective and widely used control strategy to manage this disease. Effective disease management, through the deployment of clubroot resistance varieties, requires germplasm evaluation, usually carried out by directly injecting P. brassicae spores next to the roots of young seedlings of B. napus, planting into artificially inoculated soils, or by dipping roots in a spore suspension. The soil injection and soil inoculation methods require a large amount of inoculum, and the root-dipping method is labour-intensive and time-consuming, making effective and uniform large-scale inoculation experiments challenging to perform. This study describes a method for P. brassicae clubroot inoculation that involves coculturing young seedlings with a clubroot spore suspension for 24 hours prior to transplanting them into the soil. Radicle-emerged (1–2 days old) or cotyledon-emerged (2–3 days old) seedlings of the susceptible B. napus cultivar DH12075 were cocultured with the spore suspension of the Pb3H pathotype and evaluated for gall formation. This new inoculation method produced a high number of severely infected plants, similar to those obtained with root dipping method. Germinated seed inoculated at the cotyledon-emergence stage produced a slightly higher number of infected plants compared to those inoculated at the radicle-emergence stage. The coculturing method enables rapid, synchronized, and effective inoculation of B. napus with the clubroot pathogen, supporting large-scale resistance screening and crop management.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".