Evaluation of the use of the Atlantic flyway in northern France and the Bay of Biscay by a reedbed specialist bird during the autumn migration
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Capsule Sedge Warblers Acrocephalus schoenobaenus that stopover along the Atlantic flyway refuelled at varying rates, depending on age, initial body condition and latitude; refuelling rates were poorly structured among sites, suggesting a broad capacity of birds to exploit various wetlands during stopover.Aims To test how Sedge Warblers accumulate fuel during stopovers in a major migratory corridor along coastal Atlantic wetlands, from northern France to the Bay of Biscay in Spain, and to identify factors affecting the fuel deposition rate (FDR).Methods We analysed 7,149 records of Sedge Warblers captured at least twice within the same site and year, collected over 32 years across 28 wetlands. We used linear mixed models to test the effect of age, initial body mass, date, latitude and habitat structure on FDR. Additionally, we modelled initial body mass as a response variable to examine large-scale variation in the arrival condition of birds, with age, date, latitude and habitat features as predictors.Results The fuel deposition rate declined with increasing initial body mass. The effect of latitude varied with age: for yearlings, refuelling rates increased from north to south, while adults showed relatively constant rates along the flyway. Initial body mass was higher in birds captured later in the season and in those using landscapes with smaller and more fragmented wetlands, but decreased with latitude. Habitat metrics had limited explanatory power.Conclusion Sedge Warblers appeared to refuel opportunistically throughout the extensive network of wetlands that spans the Atlantic flyway. This finding reinforces the importance of preserving habitat connectivity along migratory routes and supports a landscape-scale conservation approach that integrates ecological functionality and behavioural flexibility.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".