Multimodal Motion Capture Toolbox for Enhanced Analysis of Intersegmental Coordination in Children with Cerebral Palsy and Typically Developing
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Three-dimensional marker-based motion capture systems are the gold standard for evaluating kinematic patterns in human movement, offering precise quantification of segment and joint positions. However, traditional marker-based systems pose several challenges, particularly for children with neurological disabilities and sensory processing abnormalities, such as those observed with children with cerebral palsy. These challenges hinder the use of kinematic markers and limit detailed analyses of movement patterns. Recent advancements in markerless motion capture systems utilizing deep learning-based human pose estimation allowed us to explore cost-effective alternatives to traditional optical systems and the subsequent data processing approaches. An integrated toolbox was developed, combining multiple motion capture technologies: research-grade kinematic equipment, kinematic clusters, inertial measurement units, three-dimensional (3D) markerless systems, and two-dimensional (2D) markerless systems with commercially available cameras (via MediaPipe). For this current study, we present the outcomes of 3D marker-based versus 2D markerless motion capture, the major ongoing issue in human subjects' biomechanical studies, to describe coordinative patterns via hip-knee angle-angle plots. The cyclogram approach was selected because it offers a robust metric and readily interpretable framework for analyzing coordination via coupled motion between body segments. Two typically developing children and two children with cerebral palsy performed a functional movement pattern, the sit-to-stand task. The findings here demonstrated the feasibility of integrating multimodal systems for kinematic analyses, providing flexibility for research and clinical settings. Moreover, the novel open-source approach presented in this work addresses the challenges posed by many patient populations experiencing sensory processing issues, allowing for an advanced and individualized plan of care.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".