Revealing the northern distribution of Trichinella chanchalensis: New geographic records from Nunavut and ecological perspectives
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Trichinella is a genus of foodborne nematode parasites that comprises 13 taxa. In northern Canada three taxa, T. nativa, T6, and the recently discovered T. chanchalensis, are commonly found in wild carnivores. These parasites are of public health concern, particularly in northern Canada, where human infection rates are markedly higher. Our first objective was to determine whether T. chanchalensis, reported in Alaska, Yukon, and the Northwest Territories (NT), is present in wolverines from Nunavut. Our second objective was to determine the prevalence of co-infections and competition among Trichinella spp. Tongue samples were collected from 100 wolverines, from Nunavut and NT. Trichinella spp. larvae were isolated using the artificial digestion method, quantified (calculated as larvae per gram of muscle, LPG), and identified using next-generation sequencing (NGS). Trichinella spp. larvae were detected in 76/100 (76 %) of wolverines, with higher prevalence and infection intensity in Nunavut (82 %, 16.7 LPG) than in NT (70 %, 8.0 LPG). We detected all three taxa in both territories, with co-infections more common in NT (90 %) than in Nunavut (68 %). We found no significant negative associations in the presence or abundance between T. nativa and T6, suggesting minimal competition in the host muscle tissue. We report a new geographic record for T. chanchalensis in Nunavut and demonstrate the utility of NGS for Trichinella spp. genotyping and detecting co-infections. Building on these findings and prior work, we propose hypotheses regarding the origin of T. chanchalensis and suggest approaches for clarifying the taxonomic status of T6.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".