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Search for an axion-like particle in B → K(*)a(→ γγ) decays at Belle
I. Adachi, L. Aggarwal, H. Ahmed, Y. H. Ahn, H. Aihara, Н. Акопов, S. A. Al‐Ghamdi, M. Alhakami, A. Aloisio, N. Althubiti, K. R. Amos, M. Angelsmark, N. Anh Ky, C. Antonioli, D. M. Asner, H. Atmacan, T. Aushev, V. Aushev, M. Aversano, R. Ayad, V. Babu, H. Bae, N. K. Baghel, S. Bahinipati, P. Bambade, S. Banerjee, S. Bansal, M. Barrett, M. Bartl, J. Baudot, A. Baur, A. Beaubien, F. Becherer, Jürgen Becker, J. V. Bennett, F. U. Bernlochner, V. Bertacchi, M. Bertemes, E. Bertholet, M. Bessner, S. Bettarini, B. Bhuyan, F. Bianchi, T. Bilka, D. Biswas, A. Bobrov, D. Bodrov, A. Bondar, G. Bonvicini, J. Borah, A. Boschetti, A. Bożek, M. Bračko, P. Branchini, T. E. Browder, A. Budano, S. Bussino, Q. Campagna, M. Campajola, L. Cao, G. Casarosa, C. Cecchi, M.-C. Chang, P. Cheema, L. Chen, B. G. Cheon, K. Chilikin, J. Chin, K. Chirapatpimol, H.-E. Cho, K. Cho, S.-J. Cho, S.-K. Choi, S. Choudhury, J. Cochran, I. Consigny, L. Corona, J. X. Cui, E. De La Cruz–Burelo, S. A. De La Motte, G. De Nardo, G. De Pietro, R. de Sangro, M. Destefanis, S. Dey, A. Di Canto, J. Dingfelder, Z. Doležal, I. Domínguez Jiménez, T. V. Dong, K. Dugic, G. Dujany, P. Ecker, J. Eppelt, R. Farkas, P. Feichtinger, T. Ferber, T. Fillinger, C. Finck, G. Finocchiaro, A. Fodor, F. Forti, A. Frey, B. G. Fulsom, A. Gabrielli, A. Gale, M. Garcia-Hernandez, R. Garg, G. Gaudino, V. Gaur, V. Gautam, A. Gaz, A. Gellrich, G. Ghevondyan, D. Ghosh, H. Ghumaryan, G. Giakoustidis, R. Giordano, A. Giri, P. Gironella Gironell, B. Gobbo, R. Godang, O. Gogota, P. Goldenzweig, E. Graziani, D. Greenwald, Z. Gruberová, Y. Guan, K. Gudkova, I. Haide, Y. Han, T. Hara, K. Hayasaka, H. Hayashii, S. Hazra, C. Hearty, M. T. Hedges, G. Heine, I. Heredia-De La Cruz, M. Hernández Villanueva, T. Higuchi, M. Hoek, M. Hohmann, R. HOPPE, P. Horak, C.-L. Hsu, T. Humair, T. Iijima, K. Inami, N. Ipsita, A. Ishikawa, R. Itoh, M. Iwasaki, P. Jackson, W. W. Jacobs, E.-J. Jang, Q. P. Ji, S. Jia, Y. Jin, A. Johnson, K. K. Joo, H. Junkerkalefeld, J. Kandra, K. H. Kang, G. Karyan, T. Kawasaki, F. Keil, C. Ketter, M. Khan, C. Kiesling, C. H. Kim, D. Y. Kim, J.-Y. Kim, K.-H. Kim, Y. J. Kim, Y.-K. Kim, H. Kindo, K. Kinoshita, P. Kodyš, T. Koga, S. Kohani, K. Kojima, A. Korobov, S. Korpar, E. Kovalenko, P. Križan, P. Krokovny, T. Kuhr, Y. Kulii, D. Kumar, R. Kumar, K. Kumara, T. Kunigo, A. Kuzmin, Y.-J. Kwon, S. Lacaprara, K. Lalwani, T. Lam, J. S. Lange, T. S. Lau, M. Laurenza, R. Leboucher, F. Le Diberder, M. J. Lee, P. Leo, P. Lewis, C. Li, H. J. Li, L. K. Li, Q. M. Li, W. Z. Li, Y. Li, Y. B. Li, Y. P. Liao, J. Libby, J. Lin, S. Lin, M. H. Liu, Q. Y. Liu, Y. Liu, Zhiqing Liu, D. Liventsev, S. Longo, T. Lueck, C. Lyu, Yue Ma, C. Madaan, M. Maggiora, S. P. Maharana, R. Maiti, G. Mancinelli, R. Manfredi, E. Manoni, M. Mantovano, D. Marcantonio, S. Marcello, C. Mariñas, C. Martellini, A. Martens, T. Martinov, L. Massaccesi, M. Masuda, D. Matvienko, S. K. Maurya, M. Maushart, J. A. McKenna, R. Mehta, F. Meier, D. Meleshko, M. Merola, C. Miller, M. Mirra, S. Mitra, K. Miyabayashi, H. Miyake, R. Mizuk, G. B. Mohanty, S. Mondal, S. Moneta, A. L. Moreira De Carvalho, H.-G. Moser, R. Mussa, I. Nakamura, M. Nakao, Y. Nakazawa, M. Naruki, Z. Natkaniec, A. Natochii, M. Nayak, M. Neu, M. Niiyama, S. Nishida, S. Ogawa, H. Ono, G. Pakhlova, S. Pardi, K. Parham, H. Park, J. Park, K. Park, S.-H. Park, B. Paschen, A. Passeri, S. Patra, S. Paul, T. K. Pedlar, I. M. Peruzzi, R. Peschke, R. Pestotnik, M. Piccolo, L. E. Piilonen, P. L. M. Podesta-Lerma, T. Podobnik, S. Pokharel, A. Prakash, C. Praz, S. Prell, E. Prencipe, M. T. Prim, S. Privalov, H. Purwar, P. Rados, G. Raeuber, S. Raiz, K. Ravindran, J. U. Rehman, M. Reif, S. Reiter, M. Remnev, L. Reuter, D. Ricalde Herrmann, I. Ripp-Baudot, G. Rizzo, S. H. Robertson, J. M. Roney, A. Rostomyan, N. Rout, L. Salutari, D. A. Sanders, S. Sandilya, L. Šantelj, V. Savinov, B. Scavino, J. Schmitz, S. Schneider, G. Schnell, M. Schnepf, C. Schwanda, Y. Seino, A. Selce, K. Senyo, J. Serrano, M. E. Sevior, C. Sfienti, W. Shan, G. Sharma, C. P. Shen, X. Shi, T. Shillington, T. Shimasaki, J.-G. Shiu, D. Shtol, A. Sibidanov, F. Simon, J. B. Singh, J. Skorupa, M. Sobotzik, A. Soffer, A. Sokolov, E. Solovieva, S. Spataro, B. Spruck, M. Starič, P. Stavroulakis, S. Stefkova, R. Stroili, Y. Sue, M. Sumihama, K. Sumisawa, N. Suwonjandee, H. Svidras, M. Takizawa, U. Tamponi, K. Tanida, F. Tenchini, F. Testa, A. Thaller, O. Tittel, R. Tiwary, E. Torassa, K. Trabelsi, F. F. Trantou, I. Tsaklidis, I. Ueda, T. Uglov, K. Unger, Y. Unno, K. Uno, S. Uno, P. Urquijo, Y. Ushiroda, S. Vahsen, R. van Tonder, K. E. Varvell, M. Veronesi, A. Vinokurova, V. S. Vismaya, L. Vitale, V. Vobbilisetti, R. Volpe, A. Vossen, E. Waheed, M. Wakai, S. Wallner, M.-Z. Wang, A. Warburton, S. Watanuki, C. Wessel, E. Won, X. P. Xu, B. Yabsley, S. Yamada, W. B. Yan, W. C. Yan, S. B. Yang, J. Yelton, K. Yi, J. H. Yin, K. Yoshihara, C. Z. Yuan, J. Yuan, L. Zani, F. Zeng, M. Zeyrek, Boyang Zhang, V. Zhilich, J. S. Zhou, Q. Zhou, L. Zhu, R. Žlebčík
Bibliographic record
VenueJournal of High Energy Physics · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldPhysics and Astronomy
TopicParticle physics theoretical and experimental studies
Canadian institutionsnot available
FundersInstitut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des ParticulesNational Key Research and Development Program of ChinaAgencia Estatal de InvestigaciónCentro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico NacionalAkademi Sains MalaysiaJapan Society for the Promotion of ScienceDeutsches Elektronen-SynchrotronMinistry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and TechnologyNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of CanadaPacific Northwest National LaboratoryIstituto Nazionale di Fisica NucleareMinistry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian FederationNational Research University Higher School of EconomicsAustralian Research CouncilForskningsrådet om Hälsa, Arbetsliv och VälfärdKnut och Alice Wallenbergs StiftelseMinisterstvo Školství, Mládeže a TělovýchovyNational Science and Technology CouncilIkerbasque, Basque Foundation for ScienceNational Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNational Research Foundation of KoreaAgence Nationale de la RechercheKing Saud UniversityU.S. Department of EnergyNational Research FoundationJavna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RSStrongSchweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen ForschungAlexander von Humboldt-StiftungKorea Institute of Science and Technology InformationDepartment of Atomic Energy, Government of IndiaGrantová Agentura České RepublikyVolkswagen FoundationAustrian Science FundKorea Research Environment Open NetworkKorea Institute of Science and TechnologyBundesministerium für Bildung, Wissenschaft und ForschungDeutsche ForschungsgemeinschaftAlliance de recherche numérique du CanadaCentre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueMax-Planck-GesellschaftNational Research Foundation of UkraineNational Institute of InformaticsGeneralitat ValencianaThailand Center of Excellence in PhysicsUniverzita Karlova v PrazeMinistry of Education and Science of UkraineVietnam Academy of Science and TechnologyNatural Science Foundation of Shandong ProvinceUniversity of TabukMinisterio de Ciencia e InnovaciónEuropean CommissionTürkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma KurumuGrantová Agentura, Univerzita KarlovaNational Science Foundation
KeywordsKEKBElectron–positron annihilationRange (aeronautics)Particle identificationDetectorResonance (particle physics)Coupling (piping)Particle decay
Abstract
A bstract We report a search for an axion-like particle a in B → K (*) a decays using data collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy electron-positron collider. The search is based on a 711 fb − 1 data sample collected at the Υ(4 S ) resonance energy, corresponding to a sample of 772 × 10 6 Υ(4 S ) events. In this study, we search for the decay of the axion-like particle into a pair of photons, a → γγ . We scan the two-photon invariant mass in the range 0 . 16 GeV–4 . 50 GeV for the K modes and 0 . 16 GeV–4 . 20 GeV for the K * modes. No significant signal is observed in any of the modes, and 90% confidence level upper limits are established on the coupling to the W boson, g aW , as a function of a mass. The limits range from 3 × 10 − 6 GeV − 1 to 3 × 10 − 5 GeV − 1 , improving the current constraints on g aW by a factor of two over the most stringent previous experimental results.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
metaresearch head score (Codex)0.003
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.002
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Bench or experimental · Consensus signal: Bench or experimental
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.004
Threshold uncertainty score0.017
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
Opus teacher head0.017
GPT teacher head0.289
Teacher spread0.272 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation status
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designBench or experimental
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".
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Citations1
Published2025
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes