← Back to cohort
Retinoblastoma outcomes in Europe: a prospective analysis of 483 patients from 40 countries
Richard Bowman, Mattan Arazi, Nathalie Cassoux, Allen Foster, Nir Gomel, Noa Kapelushnik, David Macleod, Ido Didi Fabian, Abdallah Elhassan, Shehu U. Abdullahi, Rula Ahmed Abdulqader, Adamou Boubacar Sahadatou, Dupe Ademola-Popoola, Adedayo Adio, Armin R. Afshar, Priyanka Aggarwal, AE Aghaji, Alia Ahmad, Marliyanti N. R. Akib, Lamis Al Harby, Mouroge H. Al Ani, Aygun Alakbarova, S. Alarcón Portabella, Safaa AF Al-Badri, Ana Patricia Alcasabas, Saad Al-Dahmash, Amanda Alejos, E. Alemany-Rubio, Amadou I Alfa Bio, Yvania Alfonso Carreras, Christiane Al‐Haddad, Hamoud H. Y. Al-Hussaini, Amany Ali, Donjeta B. Alia, Mazin Faisal Al‐Jadiry, Usama Al-Jumaly, Hind M. Alkatan, Charlotta All‐Eriksson, Ali A. R. M. Al-Mafrachi, Argentino A Almeida, Khalifa M Alsawidi, Athar Abdul Samad Majeed Al-Shaheen, Entissar Hadi Al-Shammary, Primawita O. Amiruddin, Antonino Romanzo, Nick Astbury, Hatice Tuba Atalay, La‐ongsri Atchaneeyasakul, Rose Atsiaya, Taweevat Attaseth, Than Aung, Silvia González Ayala, Baglan Baizakova, Julia Balaguer, Ruhengiz Balayeva, Walentyna Balwierz, Honorio Barranco, Covadonga Bascarán, Maja Popović, Raquel Benavides, Sarra Benmiloud, Nissrine Bennani Guebessi, R. Bérété, Jesse L. Berry, Anirban Bhaduri, Sunil Bhat, S J Biddulph, Eva Biewald, Sharon Blum, Nadia Bobrova, Marianna Boehme, H. Culver Boldt, Maria Teresa B.C. Bonanomi, Norbert Bornfeld, Gabrielle Chantal Bouda, H. Bouguila, Amaria Boumedane, Rachel C. Brennan, Bénédicte G. Brichard, Jassada Buaboonnam, Patricia Calderón-Sotelo, Doris A. Calle Jara, Jayne E Camuglia, Miriam R. Cano, Francesco Capra, Guilherme Castela, Luis Castillo, Jaume Catalá‐Mora, Guillermo Chantada, Shabana Chaudhry, Sonal S. Chaugule, Argudit Chauhan, Bhavna Chawla, Violeta Chernodrinska, Faraja Chiwanga, Tsengelmaa Chuluunbat, Krzysztof Cieślik, Ruellyn L. Cockcroft, Codruta Comsa, Zélia M. Corrêa, Maria G. Correa Llano, Timothy W. Corson, Kristin E. Cowan-Lyn, Monika Csóka, Xuehao Cui, Isac V. Da Gama, Wantanee Dangboon, Anirban Das, Sima Das, Jacquelyn M. Davanzo, Alan Davidson, Patrick De Potter, Karina Quintero Delgado, Hakan Demirci, Laurence Desjardins, Rosdali Díaz Coronado, Helen Dimaras, Andrew Dodgshun, M Phil, Craig Donaldson, Carla Macedo, Monica Dragomir, Yi Du, Magritha Du Bruyn, Kemala S. Edison, I Wayan Eka Sutyawan, A. El Kettani, Amal Elbahi, James E. Elder, Dina Elgalaly, Alaa Elhaddad, Moawia Mohammed Ali Elhassan, Mahmoud M. Elzembely, Vera Adobea Essuman, Ted Grimbert A Evina, Zehra Fadoo, Adriana Fandiño, Pooya Faranoush, Oluyemi Fasina, Delia D. P. G. Fernández, Ana Fernández‐Teijeiro, Shahar Frenkel, Ligia D. Fu, Soad Fuentes-Alabí, Brenda L. Gallie, Moira Gandiwa, Juan Luis Garcı́a, David García Aldana, Pascale Yola Gassant, Jennifer Geel, Fariba Ghassemi, Clare Gilbert, Ana V. Girón, Zelalem Gizachew, Marco A. Goenz, Aaron S. Gold, Maya Goldberg-Lavid, Glen A. Gole, Efren Gonzalez, Graciela González Pérez, Liudmira González-Rodríguez, Henry N. Garcia Pacheco, Jaime Graells, Liz Green, Pernille Axél Gregersen, Nathália Grigorovski, K.M. Guedenon, Sanjeeva Gunasekera, Kaan Gündüz, Himika Gupta, SK Gupta, Theodora Hadjistilianou, Patrick Hamel, Syed Ahmer Hamid, Norhafizah Hamzah, Eric Hansen, J. William Harbour, M. Elizabeth Hartnett, Murat Hasanreisoğlu, Sadiq Hassan, Shadab Hassan, Stanislava Hederová, José Hernández, Lorelay Marie Carcamo Hernandez, Laila Hessissen, Diriba Fufa, Laura C. Huang, G. Baker Hubbard, Marlies Hummlen, Kristína Husáková, Allawi Noor Hussein Al-Janabi, Ida Russo, Vesna R. Ilic, Vivekaraj Jairaj, Irfan Jeeva, Helen Jenkinson, Xunda Ji, Dong Hyun Jo, Kenneth P. Johnson, William J. Johnson, Michael W. Jones, Théophile Kabesha, Rolande Kaboré, Swathi Kaliki, Abubakar Kalinaki, Mehmet Kantar, Ling-Yuh Kao, Tamar Kardava, Rejin Kebudi, Tomáš Kepák, Naama Keren‐Froim, Zohora Jameela Khan, Hussain Ahmad Khaqan, Khauv Phara, Wajiha Jurdi Kheir, Vikas Khetan, Alireza Khodabande, Zaza Khotenashvili, Jonathan W. Kim, Jeong Hun Kim, Hayyam Kıratlı, Tero Kivelä, Artur Klett, Jess Elio Kosh Komba Palet, Dalia Krivaitienė, Mariana Kruger, Kittisak Kulvichit, Mayasari W. Kuntorini, Alice Kyara, Eva S. Lachmann, Carol P. Lam, Geoffrey C. Lam, Scott A. Larson, Slobodanka Latinović, Kelly D. Laurenti, Bao Han A. Le, Karin Lecuona, Amy A. Leverant, Cairui Li, Ben Limbu, Quah Boon Long, Juan Pablo López, Robert Mbuli Lukamba, Livia Lumbroso-Le Rouïc, Sandra Luna‐Fineman, Delfitri Lutfi, Lesia Lysytsia, George N. Magrath, Amita Mahajan, Abdul Rahim Majeed, Erika Maka, Mayuri Makan, Emil Kojoshovich Makimbetov, Chatonda Manda, Nieves Martín Begué, Lauren Mason, John O. Mason, Ibrahim Matende, Miguel A. Materin, Clarissa C. D. S. Mattosinho, Marchelo Matua, Ismail Mayet, Freddy B Mbumba, MMed Paed, John D. McKenzie, Aurora Medina‐Sansón, Azim Mehrvar, Aemero Abateneh Mengesha, Vikas Menon, Gary John V. Mercado, Marilyn B. Mets, Edoardo Midena, Divyansh K. C. Mishra, Furahini Godfrey Mndeme, Ahmed Abdalla Mohamedani, Mona Mohammad, Annette C. Moll, Margarita M. Montero, Rosa A. Morales, Claude Moreira, Prithvi Mruthyunjaya, Mchikirwa Msina, Gerald Msukwa, Sangeeta Sanjay Mudaliar, Kangwa I. M. Muma, Francis L. Munier, Gabriela Murgoi, Timothy G. Murray, Kareem O. Musa, Asma Mushtaq, Hamzah Mustak, Okwen M Muyen, Gita Naidu, Akshay Gopinathan Nair, Л. В. Науменко, P.A. Ndoye Roth, Yetty Movieta Nency, В. В. Нероев, Hang Ngo, Rosa M. Nieves, Marina Nikitović, Elizabeth Dennis Nkanga, Henry Nkumbe, Murtuza Nuruddin, Mutale Nyaywa, Ghislaine Obono-Obiang, Ngozi Oguego, Andrzej Olechowski, Scott C. N. Oliver, P. Osei-Bonsu, D. Ossandón, Manuel Paez-Escamilla, Halimah Pagarra, Sally Painter, Vivian Paintsil, Luísa Oliveira de Paiva, B. Pal, Mahesh Shanmugam Palanivelu, Ruzanna Papyan, Raffaele Parrozzani, Manoj Parulekar, Claudia R. Pascual Morales, Katherine Paton, Katarzyna Pawińska-Wąsikowska, Jacob Pe’er, Armando Peña, Sanja Perić, Chau T. Minh Pham, Remezo Philbert, David A. Plager, Pavel Pochop, Rodrigo A. Polania, V. G. Polyakov, Manca Tekavčič Pompe, Jonathan Pons, Daphna Landau Prat, Vireak Prom, Ignatius Purwanto, Ali O. Qadir, Seema Qayyum, Jiang Qian, Ardizal Rahman, Salman Rahman, Jamalia Rahmat, Purnima Rajkarnikar, Rajesh Ramanjulu, Aparna Ramasubramanian, Marco A. Ramírez‐Ortiz, Léa Raobela, Riffat Rashid, M. Ashwin Reddy, Ehud Reich, Lorna Renner, David Reynders, Dahiru Ribadu, Mussagy M. Riheia, Petra Ritter‐Sovinz, Duangnate Rojanaporn, Livia Romero, Soma Rani Roy, Raya Saab, S. V. Saakyan, Ahmed Hatem Sabhan, Mandeep S. Sagoo, Azza MA Said, Rohit Saiju, Beatriz Salas, Sonsoles San Román Pacheco, G. F., Phayvanh Sayalith, Trish A Scanlan, Amy C Schefler, Judy Schoeman, Ahad Sedaghat, Stefan Seregard, Rachna Seth, Ankoor S. Shah, Shawkat Ara Shakoor, Sadik Taju Sherief, Nandan Shetye, Carol L. Shields, Sorath Noorani Siddiqui, Sidi Sidi Cheikh, Sónia Silva, Arun D. Singh, Niharika Singh, Usha Singh, Penny Singha, Rita S. Sitorus, Alison H. Skalet, Hendrian Dwikoloso Soebagjo, T. A. Sorochynska, Grace Ssali, Andrew W. Stacey, Sandra E. Staffieri, Erin D. Stahl, Christina Stathopoulos, Branka Stirn Kranjc, David Stones, Caron Strahlendorf, Maria Estela Coleoni Suarez, Sadia Sultana, Xiantao Sun, Meryl Sundy, Rosanne Superstein, Eddy Supriyadi, Supawan Surukrattanaskul, Shigenobu Suzuki, Karel Švojgr, Fatoumata Sylla, Gevorg Tamamyan, Deborah Tan, Alketa Tandili, Fanny F. Tarrillo Leiva, Maryam Tashvighi, Bekim Tateshi, Edi Setiawan Tehuteru, Luiz Fernando Teixeira, Kok Hoi Teh, Tuyisabe Theophile, Helen Toledano, Doan Le Trang, Fousseyni Traoré, Sumalin Trichaiyaporn, Samuray Tuncer, Harba Tyau-Tyau, Ali Bala Umar, Emel Ünal, Ogul E. Uner, Steen F. Urbak, Tatiana L. Ushakova, Rustam H. Usmanov, Sandra Valeiņa, Milo van Hoefen Wijsard, Adisai Varadisai, Liliana Vásquez, Leon O. Vaughan, Nevyana Veleva, Nishant Verma, Andi Arus Victor, Maris Viksnins, Edwin G. Villacís Chafla, Vicktoria Vishnevskia‐Dai, Tushar Vora, Antonio Wachtel, Werner Wackernagel, Keith Waddell, Patricia Wade, Amina H Wali Nigeria, Yi-Zhuo Wang, Avery H. Weiss, Matthew W. Wilson, Amelia DC Wime, Atchareeya Wiwatwongwana, Damrong Wiwatwongwana, Charlotte Wolley-Dod, Phanthipha Wongwai, Daoman Xiang, Yi-shuang Xiao, Jason C. Yam, Huasheng Yang, Jenny M Yanga, Muhammad Amer Yaqub, V.А. Yarovaya, А.А. Yarovoy, Huijing Ye, Yacoub A. Yousef, Putu Yuliawati, Arturo Zapata, Ekhtelbenina Zein, Chengyue Zhang, Yi Xin Zhang, Junyang Zhao, Xiaoyu Zheng, Katsiaryna Zhilyaeva, Nida Zia, Othman A. O. Ziko, Marcia Zondervan
Bibliographic record
VenueEye · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldMedicine
TopicOcular Oncology and Treatments
Canadian institutionsBC Children's HospitalUniversity of British ColumbiaCentre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-JustineHospital for Sick Children
Fundersnot available
KeywordsRetinoblastomaProspective cohort studyMEDLINEYoung adultRetrospective cohort study
Abstract
No abstract in any covered source. Its absence is recorded, not treated as a negative.
No abstract. This is not a gap in this database; OpenAlex has none either. 23.3% of the frame is in this state, and the screen finds HALF as much metaresearch here, so the absence is a measured bias rather than a missing field.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.004
Threshold uncertainty score0.238
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
Opus teacher head0.005
GPT teacher head0.285
Teacher spread0.281 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation status
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".
Quick stats
Citations1
Published2025
Admission routes1
Has abstractno