MétaCan
Menu
Back to cohort
Record W4417419813 · doi:10.1093/applin/amaf082

Self-regulated learning and its impact on scaffolded feedback effectiveness in EFL learning

2025· article· en· W4417419813 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.

Bibliographic record

VenueApplied Linguistics · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldArts and Humanities
TopicEFL/ESL Teaching and Learning
Canadian institutionsUniversity of Victoria
Fundersnot available
KeywordsEnglish as a foreign languageControl (management)Multilevel modelSecond languageApplied linguisticsCorrective feedbackEnglish languageSecond-language acquisition

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Abstract Although the efficacy of scaffolded feedback (SF) is premised on its role in pushing learners toward self-regulated performance, its relationship with self-regulated learning (SRL) has remained underexplored. This study examines how SRL predicts the effectiveness of SF. Sixty-two intermediate English as a Foreign Language learners were randomly assigned to an experimental group and a control condition. The experimental group received SF in response to their language errors during three treatment sessions, while the control group performed similar tasks without error feedback. Learners’ SRL strategies were measured using a modified version of the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire. The target forms were English articles, and learners’ development of those forms was measured before the treatment (pretest), immediately after (post-test), and at a delayed post-test. Learners’ responses to SF were coded and analyzed in terms of unsuccessful, partially successful, and successful uptake. A Chi-square analysis investigated the relationship between learners’ responses to SF and SRL scores. Hierarchical regression analysis examined how well learners’ SRL scores predict the learning of the target structure. Results indicated that the SF group's post-test and delayed post-test scores were significantly predicted by their SRL scores, with large effect sizes. The analysis of learners’ responses to SF indicated that learners with high SRL scores engaged more in negotiated interaction and produced more partially and fully successful uptakes than those with low SRL scores. These findings suggest that L2 learners’ level of self-regulation plays a significant role in the efficacy of SF in L2 learning. Our findings thus imply that highly self-regulated learners are more capable of and likely to participate in classroom interactions.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMeta-epidemiology (narrow)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Theoretical or conceptual · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.914
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.001
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0010.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.010
GPT teacher head0.274
Teacher spread0.264 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it