Bibliographic record
Abstract
It is well known that pain and anxiety can enhance each other in both animals and humans. In case of chronic pain, patients often suffer anxiety and depression. Animal experiments provide important basic mechanisms for the interaction between chronic pain and anxiety. At cortical level, recent studies have consistently indicated that anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and insular cortex (IC), two critical cortical regions for pain-related unpleasantness and suffering, are also involved in the process of emotional anxiety. At synaptic level, long-term potentiation (LTP), a key cellular mechanism for memory and chronic pain, has also been found to contribute to emotional anxiety in animal models of chronic pain. In a recent study published in Neuron by the group of Prof. Xu, it has been found that at subcortical level, anterior and posterior paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (PVT) contribute to pain and anxiety through distinct projections to the basolateral amygdala (BLA) and central amygdala (CeA). In this review, I will first introduce the recent work by Prof Xu, and then discuss possible mechanisms at different levels for pain and anxiety in the condition of chronic pain, including chronic visceral pain. Some of medicines used in the current treatment will be analyzed, and potential future treatment for pain and anxiety in chronic pain conditions will be discussed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".