Power prediction and energy aware placement of containers over virtual machines
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The rapid expansion of 5G and the upcoming arrival of 6G have significantly increased the demand for cloud computing resources, especially in edge cloud servers, to meet stringent connectivity and latency requirements. This surge has raised serious energy concerns as data centers now account for about 1–1.5% of global energy consumption and contribute about 1% of global CO 2 emissions. In response to these facts, this study proposes a novel energy-aware machine learning model, using power sensor data from physical machines (PMs) in data centers, to optimize energy consumption while managing container placement as a use case. We conducted experiments in a testbed using realistic 5G traffic scenarios, deliberately avoiding artificial stressors such as stress-ng, which create synthetic loads that do not accurately reflect real-world resource utilization. Our machine learning model, particularly the XGBoost implementation, proved to be highly effective, achieving an R 2 score of 91.2%. The model demonstrated the ability to reduce energy consumption by 3% and improve task completion times, all without the need for explicit consolidation strategies or cluster reconfiguration. This approach highlights the power of machine learning in optimizing energy efficiency in dynamic and resource-intensive environments such as edge cloud servers, providing a scalable solution for data centers facing increasing energy demands.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".