Dual-Function Electrochemical Cell for Simultaneous Carbon Capture and Lithium Extraction from Saline Waters
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Effective utilization of saline waters as a large reservoir of both dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and lithium would simultaneously support carbon mitigation and secure critical mineral supply. Here, we report the first demonstration of a dual-function electrochemical system capable of coupling CO2 capture and Li⁺ extraction from saline waters. Using a pH-swing architecture with bismuth and LiFePO₄ electrodes, we achieve stable pH cycling between 8.1 and 4.7 in 2.1 mM DIC, while extracting lithium at concentrations down to 0.17 ppm Li⁺ (seawater levels). Under impurity-free conditions, the system maintains 80% bismuth utilization and 50% lithium utilization, with attractive energetic costs of 128 kJ mol⁻¹ CO2 and 121 kJ mol⁻¹ Li, comparable to state-of-the-art stand-alone electrochemical systems. By integrating Li⁺ and CO2 extraction using shared pumping, membrane, and reactor infrastructure, this system offers a compelling path toward co-production of critical materials and integrated CO2 capture using a single seawater-processing platform.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".