Dual-Function Electrochemical Cell for Simultaneous Carbon Capture and Lithium Extraction from Saline Waters
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Effective utilization of saline waters as a large reservoir of both dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and lithium would simultaneously support carbon mitigation and secure critical mineral supply. Here, we report the first demonstration of a dual-function electrochemical system capable of coupling CO2 capture and Li⁺ extraction from saline waters. Using a pH-swing architecture with bismuth and LiFePO₄ electrodes, we achieve stable pH cycling between 8.1 and 4.7 in 2.1 mM DIC, while extracting lithium at concentrations down to 0.17 ppm Li⁺ (seawater levels). Under impurity-free conditions, the system maintains 80% bismuth utilization and 50% lithium utilization, with attractive energetic costs of 128 kJ mol⁻¹ CO2 and 121 kJ mol⁻¹ Li, comparable to state-of-the-art stand-alone electrochemical systems. By integrating Li⁺ and CO2 extraction using shared pumping, membrane, and reactor infrastructure, this system offers a compelling path toward co-production of critical materials and integrated CO2 capture using a single seawater-processing platform.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".