Knowledge, perceptions, and barriers influence public actions to help bees in Toronto, Canada
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Despite the enthusiasm surrounding bees, the public's current knowledge is sourced from the non‐native honey bee whose life history differs from many endemic North American species. Ascertaining the public's understandings and perceptions of bees is essential to implementing publicly supported conservation initiatives that may benefit bee conservation as well as social and ecological aspects of communities, especially in large cities which are epicenters of increasing urbanization. The knowledge and perception of bees as well as current actions and barriers to their conservation among Torontonians was assessed using an online survey. Participants held correct assumptions about basic bee biology pertaining to environmental importance and decline in cities but lacked awareness regarding species richness. Nonetheless, public support for bees was universally high. Individuals were mostly involved with low‐effort actions such as avoiding pesticide use and intense management but also reported planting wildflowers as well. Most participants indicated at least one barrier to action, with lack of knowledge, time, and money being most frequently reported. These barriers, including knowledge score and demographic characteristics such as lower age and lack of degree, influenced how many actions participants engaged in. Researchers should continue to create inclusive opportunities for public engagement while incorporating inter‐disciplinary approaches to mitigate current barriers.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.008 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it