Mediterranean durum wheat: Seedling resistance to Ug99 and recent emergent stem rust races
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The re‐emergence of wheat stem rust disease, caused by Puccinia graminis Pers. f. sp. tritici (Eriks and E. Henn.) ( Pgt ), has recently been reported in Europe and North Africa. The prevalence of virulent Pgt genetic groups in Mediterranean basin countries, combined with the limited number of characterized resistance sources in durum wheat ( Triticum turgidum L., ssp. durum (Desf.) Husn.) germplasm, poses a serious threat to durum wheat production. In this study, we evaluated a collection of Mediterranean wheat accessions, mainly durum wheat, for seedling stage resistance to two Ug99 races (TTKTT and TTKSK) and the recently emerged and prevalent races TTRTF (aka Sicily race) and TKKTF. Although 24% of the genotypes exhibited resistant responses, phenotyping screening showed significant variation in seedling responses to the different races. Specifically, 27% and 30% of the genotypes were resistant to TTRTF and TTKSK, whereas only 17.5% and 18% exhibited resistance to TKKTF and TTKTT, respectively. Only 9.4% of genotypes ( n = 13) exhibited resistance or intermediate responses to all four tested races. Wheat accessions from Portugal, France, and Spain showed the highest resistance frequencies, ranging from 30% to 50%. Molecular analysis revealed the presence of the resistance gene Sr13 in 13 genotypes, eight of which originated from Tunisia (one landrace and seven varieties). The study demonstrates the importance of Mediterranean durum wheat accessions as sources of novel and diverse genetic resistance to the predominant races in the Mediterranean region, especially to the TTRTF, TKKTF, and Ug99 lineage races.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".