Silicon photonic paper-clip spiral delay lines with ultra-low delay loss of 0.5 dB/ns
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this work, we demonstrate compact paper-clip spiral silicon photonic waveguides with ultra-low delay loss. We characterize the optical loss and group delay of single-mode and multi-mode silicon waveguides across the telecom O-, S-, C-, and L-bands. For spiral devices with 2.0-μm-wide waveguides, we measure propagation losses of 0.11 and 0.06 dB/cm at 1310 and 1550 nm, representing 10- and 20-times improvements, respectively, compared to the singlemode waveguides. Additionally, we observe a group delay of 1163 ps for a 9.5 cm-long waveguide with a compact device footprint of (0.30 {\times} 3.00) mm2, yielding a delay loss of 0.5 dB/ns. These results are highly promising for large-scale silicon photonic integration, delay lines, and on-chip programmable systems.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".