Double Superior Vena Cava and Coexisting Vascular Variants: A Case Report and Review of Clinical Implications
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A double superior vena cava is a rare congenital vascular variation that may influence cardiovascular function and medical procedures. This report describes the morphology of a double superior vena cava identified in the body of an 87-year-old female donor. Anatomical dissection revealed two fully isolated superior venae cavae, with the right superior vena cava draining into the right atrium and the left superior vena cava draining into the coronary sinus. The brachiocephalic veins were absent, and the azygos system displayed an atypical configuration. The left external jugular vein also showed significant variation, featuring a superiorly located fenestration followed by a bifurcation that formed a venous ring encircling the clavicle. The anterior interventricular artery tunnelled into the myocardium, forming two myocardial bridges along the anterior interventricular sulcus before reaching the cardiac apex. These findings illustrate the diversity of vascular anatomy and emphasize the importance of recognizing such variants during diagnostic imaging and medical procedures.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".