Functional symmetrization of neuromotor modules during locomotor development in human infants
Bibliographic record
Abstract
During human locomotor development, neonatal neuromotor control modules known as muscle synergies are continuously modified into their mature forms to enable independent walking. How the early muscle synergies, developing neuromusculoskeletal systems, and sensorimotor plasticity interact to regulate this process remains unknown. To address this, we investigated concurrent changes in muscle synergies, kinematic synergies, and lower-limb biomechanical properties across 4 stages of supported and independent walking through longitudinal bilateral multi-muscle recording, kinematic tracking, and personalized neuro-musculoskeletal modelling in 11 human infants, while incorporating additional data from adults and elders for a whole-lifespan analysis. Our results argue that the initially bilaterally asymmetrical muscle synergies and limb biomechanical properties co-evolve to ultimately result in symmetrical kinematic synergies that may stabilize gait. Functional symmetrization of neuromotor modules may be a reflection of the co-development of muscle synergies, their associated kinematic functions, and limb biomechanical properties for achieving gait stability and control efficiency throughout the lifespan.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".