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Protection Challenges of Connecting A Third-Party Solar Farm to a Refinery Power System

2025· article· W4417473402 on OpenAlex
Duane Lescher, Vladan Bijeljanin, A. R. Bishop

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.

Bibliographic record

Venuenot available
Typearticle
Language
FieldEngineering
TopicIslanding Detection in Power Systems
Canadian institutionsShell (Canada)Siemens (Canada)TC Scientific (Canada)
Fundersnot available
KeywordsSwitchgearRefineryElectric power systemFault (geology)Power (physics)Solar powerPower transmissionTransmission (telecommunications)

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

A number of challenges have been encountered in interconnecting a third-party solar farm to an existing refinery power distribution system over a pole line. There were limitations of the solar farm inverter fault sourcing ability, as well as operational challenges in maintaining appropriate system power factor. There were additional constraints imposed by the cyber-security requirements of interconnecting protection communications systems between multiple parties. The power transmission authority imposed additional constraints. And there were constraints due to the existing refinery infrastructure, both regarding inter-operability with existing switchgear relays and limitations of existing switchgear. These challenges and the implemented solutions will be discussed, along with possible alternate solutions to some of these challenges. We anticipate some of these challenges will be encountered by others in the pursuit of alternative power supply sources.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.002
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMeta-epidemiology (narrow)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Bench or experimental · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.911
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0020.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0010.001
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.000
Bibliometrics0.0010.001
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0010.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.017
GPT teacher head0.232
Teacher spread0.215 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Quick stats

Citations0
Published2025
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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