A comprehensive review of hydrogen integrated hybrid renewable energy systems: Configurations, models, simulation and optimization with artificial intelligence
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This work presents a comprehensive review of hydrogen-based hybrid renewable energy systems (HRESs), covering mathematical models, simulation and artificial intelligence (AI)-driven optimization approaches. Emphasizing the potential of hydrogen as an energy carrier to deepen renewable energy integration, especially in solar and wind HRESs, this review systematically details mathematical models for various renewable generation and storage systems, serving as a structured reference for researchers. Given the complexity of HRES modeling, this work provides insights into different modeling software and optimization algorithms, with a particular focus on artificial intelligence methods. The integration of software and artificial intelligence promises to solve complex modeling and optimization challenges with potential applications in different environments. Future directions suggest that the physical model-assisted AI framework, which embeds physical principles within AI models, holds promise for enhancing prediction accuracy and reliability in HRES applications. This framework, especially when combined with stochastic optimization, offers a potential pathway to address challenges in data availability and computational complexity, supporting the effective design and optimization of hydrogen-based HRESs for real-world applications. The overall findings will help improve the design and optimization of hydrogen-based hybrid renewable energy systems for practical implementation. • A state-of-the-art review is carried out on hybrid renewable energy systems (HRESs). • Models of HRESs and energy storage systems based on hydrogen and battery are provided. • Different software tools for HRES modeling and optimization are compared and analyzed. • Various optimization techniques for HRESs based hydrogen storage are summarized. • Artificial intelligence enhances performance prediction and optimization for HRES.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".