Analysis of Cough Factors and Quality of Life Score Among Children With Protracted Bacterial Bronchitis: Cross-Sectional Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Protracted bacterial bronchitis (PBB) is a leading cause of chronic wet cough in children. Misdiagnosis and inadequate treatment may lead to the progression of diseases. Objective: The objective of this paper was to analyze factors influencing the cough duration prior to the diagnosis and assess health-related quality of life in children with PBB. Methods: Children diagnosed with PBB in the Qilu Hospital of Shandong University from November 2021 to November 2022 were included in this study. Clinical data were collected; parents completed the Parent-Proxy Cough-Specific Quality of Life (PC-QOL) questionnaire and the simplified Cough Symptom Score. Children aged 6 years and older completed the Leicester Cough Questionnaire in Mandarin-Chinese (LCQ-MC). Results: As of November 2022, we enrolled 88 patients. Place of residence (B=9.35, 95% CI 0.36-18.35; P=.04) and rest status during the coughing episode (B=7.87, 95% CI 0.36-15.38; P=.04) were significantly associated with cough duration prior to the diagnosis. PC-QOL scores (physical: mean 3.10, SD 1.36; psychological: mean 3.32, SD 1.57; social: mean 3.67, SD 1.53; total: mean 10.09, SD 4.21) showed physical-social differences (t174=-2.58, P=.01). PC-QOL posttreatment scores were significantly higher than pretreatment scores (physical: t18=-6.05, P<.001; psychological: t18=-4.42, P<.001; social: t18=-4.79, P<.001; total: t18=-5.25, P<.001). However, the scores of each PC-QOL domain were significantly lower than those of the LCQ-MC (physical: t34=8.31, P<.001; psychological: t34=6.58, P<.001; social: t34=5.09, P<.001; total: t34=8.11, P<.001). Conclusions: Place of residence and rest status during the coughing episode were significantly associated with cough duration prior to the diagnosis. Furthermore, PBB significantly reduces quality of life in physical, psychological, and social aspects.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".