Multi-year assessment of coastal sea-ice algae and phytoplankton in an Arctic port ecosystem, Nunavut, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study provides a rare multi-year assessment of sea-ice algal and phytoplankton species diversity in the coastal Canadian Arctic, across sea-ice and open-water habitats, that reflect seasonal gradients critical to ecosystem function. Samples were collected near Iqaluit, Nunavut, in 2018–2022. A total of 562 taxa were identified with Nitzschia frigida Grunow, 1880, unidentified flagellates, Thalassiosira spp . (Cleve, 1873) (20–50 µm), and Chaetoceros spp. (Ehrenberg, 1844) (5–10 µm) numerically dominating sea-ice, under-ice, ice-crack, and open-water surface habitat, respectively. Simpson diversity of these habitats was highest in ice-crack surface waters (0.94, July 2019), suggesting a physical concentration of cells. Variability in community composition followed Arctic phenology. Sea-ice, open-water bloom, and under-ice/transitional assemblages were differentiated by pennate diatoms (e.g., Navicula pelagica Cleve, 1896 and centric diatoms (e.g., Chaetoceros spp.), as well as Prymnesiophyceae, including Chrysochromulina spp. Lackey, 1939. Six potential toxin producing species were present at low frequency of occurrence (<1%–12% of sampling events). Community composition was homogenous among stations and inlets, but variability in phytoplankton bloom seasonality altered the relative abundance of the under-ice/transitional assemblage. This project provides updated records of sea-ice algae and phytoplankton diversity for the only deep-water port in the eastern Canadian Arctic, documenting seasonal and interannual community variability required to identify potential effects of climate-driven or anthropogenic events.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".