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Record W4417517235 · doi:10.1142/s2424786325500288

Study on the application of basis trade with option in Chinese maize contract farming using the BAW model

2025· article· en· W4417517235 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.

Bibliographic record

VenueInternational Journal of Financial Engineering · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldAgricultural and Biological Sciences
TopicAgricultural risk and resilience
Canadian institutionsCanada Research ChairsUniversity of Waterloo
Fundersnot available
KeywordsFutures contractContract farmingSpot contractForward contractKey (lock)Forward marketRisk managementAgriculture

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Contract farming is one of the key indicators of agricultural modernization in a country. However, due to the lack of fair pricing and risk management mechanisms, the default rate in China’s contract farming has remained high. This paper explores the feasibility of using basis trade with option as a solution for China’s maize contract farming. Basis trade with option, based on futures prices, integrates the difference between spot and futures prices (basis) and the rights of options, incorporating pricing and risk management into spot trade. This paper employs an analytical pricing method and hedging formula suitable for American futures options in the Chinese market using the Barone-Adesi and Whaley (BAW) approach. The accuracy of the pricing model and the effectiveness of the hedging strategy, as well as their feasibility for contract farming, are comprehensively verified through Monte Carlo simulation. The results show that this solution can provide fair pricing for both parties of the contract, offer a minimum price guarantee and favorable price fluctuation benefits for the contract seller, and allow traders as contract buyers to transfer risk through hedging. This fundamentally reduces the possibility of contract default.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.871
Threshold uncertainty score0.070

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.010
GPT teacher head0.243
Teacher spread0.233 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it