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Sustainopreneurship Amongst Namibian SMEs Post-Covid-19

2025· book-chapter· en· W4417527144 on OpenAlexaff
Wilfred Isak April, Léo‐Paul Dana

Bibliographic record

Venuenot available
Typebook-chapter
Languageen
FieldEconomics, Econometrics and Finance
TopicCOVID-19 Pandemic Impacts
Canadian institutionsDalhousie University
Fundersnot available
KeywordsScarcityUnemploymentPandemicFocus groupSustainabilityCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)Position (finance)

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic led to significant increase in exchange rates, price of fuel, food and shelter, as well as disruptions in education, all leading to further economical complications. Inevitably, ‘sustainopreneurship’ in Namibia was tremendously challenged as well by the turbulent times of Covid-19, and more innovative sustainable solutions will be required for the Namibian economy to develop. This chapter explores the role of sustainopreneurship as a solution to practices in Namibia. The lockdown regulations that came into effect in Namibia on 14 March 2020 have resulted in a significant increase in exchange rates, the fuel price, food prices and rent, teaching and learning in school has been severely disrupted as learners resort to online learning, health hazards and the number of fatalities has increased, while unemployment increased, resulting in food scarcity and insecurity. The experiences discussed in this chapter relate to the outcomes during and after Covid-19. The data and information for this chapter were gathered through primary and secondary sources, through focus groups and face-to-face interviews, providing an insight into the challenges faced by business owners in the informal SME sector, especially after the lockdown. The findings revealed that alternative relief measures need to be implemented.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Other · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.016
Threshold uncertainty score0.054

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.001
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.001
Science and technology studies0.0020.001
Scholarly communication0.0020.001
Open science0.0000.001
Research integrity0.0010.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0160.001

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.047
GPT teacher head0.265
Teacher spread0.218 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designNot applicable
Domainnot available
GenreOther

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations0
Published2025
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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