Political Activity of Citizens as a Stipulation for a Civil Society Development
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this article the author examines the dynamics of changes in the implementation of political rights of the citizens of Kazakhstan, and specifically the right to choose from the beginning of its independence and sovereignty, and to the present. Freedom and the desire of citizens of Kazakhstan to develop direct democracy is directly dependent on how much the person is not only aware of itself as an active, self-realized person, but is relevant to this socio-political, economic and other conditions. Conditions of occurrence and development of civil society is social freedom, democratic governance, the existence of a public sphere of politics and political discussions. The author proves the relationship of civil society and development of the active implementation of the political rights of citizens. In the political sphere, the degree of freedom of society is determined by the level of development of democracy in the country and warranty democracy as a whole and of each of the political right in particular. The degree of force activity of citizens in the implementation of political rights is the example of Kyrgyzstan. The gradual transition from passive participation of citizens in a democracy to active is a natural phenomenon, not only for Kazakhstan, but also a number of post-Soviet countries, which is shown in the example of the Russian Federation. The author concludes that Kazakhstan has gone through a period when citizens remained passive in exercising their political rights. Now the citizens of Kazakhstan are actively participate in the process of democracy, indicating a high degree of development of Kazakhstan's civil society.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.017 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".