Bibliographic record
Abstract
O ne possible route of palliative treatment available to cancer patients is surgery.However, the ethical implications of palliative surgical treatment are under continuous debate.Issues involved in the practice and research of palliative surgery will be explored using the four principles of biomedical ethics. What is Palliative caRe?According to the World Health Organization, "palliative care" differs from conventional medical care by promoting the quality of life in those patients with non-curable diseases (Cimino, 2002).Palliative care is common in treating terminally ill patients.Its purpose is to alleviate symptoms with minimal impact on the patient's survival without worsening the patient's condition.Techniques such as radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and surgery in addition to a support system are used to help the patient cope with the illness (Cimino, 2002).
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.058 | 0.095 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.022 | 0.050 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.011 | 0.009 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.013 |
| Research integrity | 0.023 | 0.023 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".