Phase Domain of the Cubic <i>Im</i>3<i>m</i> Mesoporous Silica in the EO<sub>106</sub>PO<sub>70</sub>EO<sub>106</sub>−Butanol−H<sub>2</sub>O System
Bibliographic record
Abstract
n-butanol has been chosen as an organic additive in the SiO(2)-EO(106)PO(70)EO(106)-H(2)O system at low HCl concentrations, for the generation of large-pore mesoporous silicas with easily tailored textural and structural properties. As opposed to previous reports on syntheses of cubic mesoporous silica that are usually performed in a very narrow composition range, we report now the possibility of preparing large-pore cagelike mesoporous silicas in a wide range of synthesis mixture compositions. Particularly, the cubic Imm silica with large interconnected cagelike pores (SBA-16) can easily be synthesized with controlled pore sizes and wall thicknesses, depending upon the synthesis mixture composition. The primary mesopore volume of the SBA-16 cages can be tuned from 0.27 to 0.56 cm(3) g(-)(1), and the mesopore size is shown to range from 4.7 to 7.2 nm, by performing a simple adjustment of the starting mixture composition. With the synthesis parameters varied, we describe the first complete diagram of the product phase domains obtained for silica mesophases in a SiO(2)-EO(106)PO(70)EO(106)-butanol-H(2)O system. Other ordered mesophases also observed in this system are the face-centered cubic Fmm silica mesophase and a 2D hexagonal-like mesostructure. Importantly here, the use of a low acid catalyst concentration regime allowed the preparation of silica mesophases in almost thermodynamically controlled conditions because of slow condensation kinetics of the inorganics. Such conditions enabled the introduction of n-butanol as the phase-controlling agent in the system, providing efficient tuning of the mesophase topology. The description of the phase domains provides a future basis for the design of large-pore mesoporous silicas with tailored textural and structural properties. Mesoporous samples obtained within the composition ranges of the phase domains are characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and nitrogen physisorption measurements.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".