Species Composition of Bird Communities in Shade Coffee Plantations in the Venezuelan Andes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Resumen.-Avifauna de cafetales de sombra en los Andes de Venezuela.-Estudiamos la avifauna y las características del hábitat de cafetales de sombra en los Andes venezolanos.Encontramos marcadas diferencias en la composición de especies entre las plantaciones de ambas vertientes de la Cordillera de Mérida.Los cafetales de la vertiente occidental tuvieron una riqueza de especies mayor que aquellos de la vertiente oriental.La frecuencia con la cual las aves usaron el estrato del café varió notoriamente entre los sitios de estudio, lo cual puede reflejar las diferencias en la estructura del paisaje que rodea a los cafetales.Algunos árboles del dosel son elementos importantes del hábitat tanto para las especies residentes como para las migratorias invernales.Dos tercios de las especies registradas durante nuestro estudio fueron observadas usando Erythrina poeppigiana, de las cuales cerca de la mitad fueron observadas explorando activamente y probando flores abiertas.Los resultados de este estudio sugieren que los cafetales de sombra en Venezuela pueden ser un hábitat favorable para especies residentes y migratorias invernales.La calidad del hábitat puede incrementarse por la presencia de especies de árboles tales como Erythrina poeppigiana en el dosel y la presencia de arbustales dispersos en el estrato del café.Abstract.-We studied the avifauna and habitat characteristics of shade coffee plantations in the Venezuelan Andes.We uncovered striking differences in the assemblage composition of plantations on opposite sides of the Venezuelan Andes.Plantations on the western slope had higher species richness than those on the eastern slope.Our study sites differed greatly in the frequency with which birds were observed to use the coffee layer, which may reflect differences in the landscape structure surrounding the plantations.Certain canopy tree species are important habitat features for both resident and migrant species.Two-thirds of the species detected during our surveys were observed using Erythrina poeppigiana; over half of these species were observed actively investigating and probing open flowers.The results of this study suggest that shade coffee plantations in Venezuela may offer suitable habitat for both residents and wintering Neotropical migrants.This suitability may be increased by the presence of trees such as Erythrina poeppigiana in the canopy and shrub interspersion in the coffee layer.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".