Embracing the women: A longitudinal view of attitudes to women service personnel among their peers, 1994 and 2010
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In the UK, women are excluded from ground combat roles and other specific close quarter specialities. There have been two assessments of this position by the Ministry of Defence (2002 and 2010) with both concluding that the restriction should remain but with different rationales supplied for the retention. Indeed the 2010 assessment, based on combat effectiveness, was unsupported by the evidence presented from interviews with combat personnel. Based on independent research carried out in two studies of 1994-2000 and 2010 involving interviews with junior Army personnel on their attitudes, expectations and assumptions, and the interview evidence from the 2010 assessment, this paper will examine the changing cultural perceptions of serving personnel towards the acceptance of women in previously all-male roles and the implications for the legal position of the exclusion of women from those roles on the basis of combat effectiveness. The paper will make recommendations on the basis of the findings for any change in MoD policy towards women serving in the armed forces.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".