MétaCan
Menu
Back to cohort
Record W53260514

Europe's "Social Market"

2001· article· en· W53260514 on OpenAlex
Christopher Caldwell

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

aboutThe title or abstract carries a Canadian signal from the geographic lexicon.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenuePolicy review · 2001
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicRegional Development and Policy
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsPoliticsCapitalismDemocracyEconomicsEconomic historyLawPolitical science
DOInot available

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

POLITICIANS MAKE IT THEIR business to confound their opponents, but European politicians are increasingly pursuing economic policies that confound even their most earnest analysts. Germany's Social Democratic Chancellor Gerhard Schroder is one of these. He brought his country -- market capitalism softened by judicious governmental interventions that has come to be associated with British Prime Minister Tony Blair. Schroder claims to follow a politics of Neue Mitte, New Middle. Yet there is little new in Schroder's recipes for economic growth. They include such time-honored business-friendly measures as Reagan/Thatcher-style tax cuts. Germany has lowered its top income tax rates from 51 percent to 42 percent, and its corporate tax rates from 40 percent to 25 percent. On top of that, Schroder has pushed through a program of corporate deregulation that has opened up German business to mergers and buyouts. There isn't much Middle in Schroder program, either. For every page he takes from supply-side playbook, he adds an item from long left-wing wish list of his Green Party coalition partners -- in their incarnation of 15 years ago. These hard-left moves include Ecosteuer, or Ecotax, a high levy on pollutants that could help clean up environment, but could also (businessmen warn) help bring country's manufacturing sector to a screeching halt. And his rhetoric is firmly of left. Asked in early summer whether he would start untangling Germany's Byzantine job rules, making it easier for struggling companies and start-ups to hire and fire workers, Schroder angrily replied, I don't want American conditions placed on our labor market! But there's an asymmetry in this political zigzag. Political analysts tend to treat Schroder's right-wing moves as sensible -- signs of an economic policy that, Europe-wide, is taking on a decidedly American hue. The same analysts tend to treat his left-wing rhetoric as either lunacy or idle pandering. Take Hans-Olaf Henkel, former head of European division of IBM, whose best-selling auto-biography has made him something of a guru of German new economy. Henkel says, I know Schroder. If you are sitting down with him, you can tell -- of course he knows Eco-tax is a stupid idea! (Henkel is also fond of repeating an old European saw to effect that the Third Way is fastest route to Third World.) The picture is a confusing one. Many American policymakers look at overregulated, tradition-bound, behind-the-times Europe and refuse to believe it can function efficiently in a globalized information economy. Europeans are listening -- to a degree. The European Union has proved a force for opening markets rather than adding a new layer of regulation, but it has also proved a force for a certain cultural leftism. On one hand, taxes have been cut not just in Germany but also in France (which cut its corporate tax rate from 40 percent to 33 percent) and Netherlands (where top personal income tax rate fell from 60 percent to 52 percent). On other hand, hot book of last summer in almost every European country was No Logo, a rant against global marketplace by Canadian leftist Naomi Klein, which sank like a stone on her native continent. On one hand, number of stockholders in Germany has tripled in past five years, to point where Germany now has more shareholders than trade -union members; on other hand, a much ballyhooed privatization of country's phone company has stalled out. On one hand, France Telecom has been split into ten different companies; on other hand, Britain's resolve not to privatize its postal service has hardened, and a majority of Englishmen now blame British Rail's failures on its privatization five years ago. So what is Third Way? Is it propagandistic camouflage, designed to hide hurt pride of once-great nations that now must comply with largely U. …

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesInsufficient payload (model declined to judge)
Consensus categoriesInsufficient payload (model declined to judge)
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: Not applicable
GenreCandidate signal: Other · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.736
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.001
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.001
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0020.001

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.081
GPT teacher head0.419
Teacher spread0.338 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it