Bibliographic record
Abstract
Learn Romani. Das-duma Rromanes. Ronald Lee. 2005. Hatfield: University of Hertfordshire Press. 320 pp. isbn 1-902806-44-1. The aim of this book is to serve as a guide for learners of Romani-specifically, of the Kelderash dialect. It is organised in Lessons, accompanied by a word list (referred to as a 'dictionary', pp. 274-303), recommendations for reading, and an overview compiled by Edward Proctor of materials for further study of Kelderash and related dialects (pp. 305-12). As is well known, Romani dialects show considerable structural variation, and learners who approach the language outside of a particular setting or context are likely to want to seek advice as to which Romani dialect to concentrate their efforts on. Kelderash is a good choice. Firstly, it is widespread in urban 'diaspora' communities of Roms around the world. These go back to migrations of Kelderash and related groups in the second half of the nineteenth century, from Transylvania, where the Kelderash first formed as a group; large communities are found in places such as Buenos Aires, Toronto, Stockholm, Chicago, Paris, and Moscow. Next, Kelderash's original location (i.e. its area of formation as a distinct dialect) is more or less in the centre of the distribution areas of Romani dialects, i.e. in the border area of Serbia, Hungary, and Romania, the southern edges of the historical Austrian Empire. This geographical position gives the dialect a linguistic advantage: it is easily understood both by speakers of Romani to the north of the area (for example in the Trans-Carpathian regions, and as far north as the Baltics), as well as to the south, throughout the Balkans. If there is a dialect with the potential of serving as a 'pan-Romani' speech variety, then in many respects it is Kelderash. For these and other reasons, there are also more teaching materials available for Kelderash than for any other dialect. Other recent works include Hancock's (1995) popular grammatical sketch of a Kelderash dialect spoken in the United States, and Krasa and Heinschink's (2004) German-Kelderash phrase book with audio CD. The book's target audience are students with experience of working with a grammar book, and the text assumes familiarity with basic, secondary-school level grammatical terminology. Writing Romani is problematic in view of the diversity of orthographic conventions used by Roms in different parts of Europe and beyond. Lee chooses his own, idiosyncratic writing system. Its principal aim is to avoid any diacritic symbols that are difficult to produce without special fonts (while still allowing characters such as /o/, /a/, or /e/). …
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.360 | 0.363 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".